Phenotypic and genetic diversity of motile aeromonads isolated from diseased fish and fish farms

Samples from the kidney of 100 diseased fish with signs of haemorrhagic septicemiaand50 samples from outlet water of fish farms were taken aseptically and cultured. In the laboratory, 75 colonies of gram-negative bacteria were biochemically diagnosed as motile aeromonads in our Bacteriology Laboratory Unit using API 20E rapid identification system. The genotype identification using specific primers for 16S rDNA by PCR and direct sequencing of 28 Iranian motile aeromonads isolates were as follow: in diseased fish, Aeromonas hydrophila [3 isolates, 15%], A. veronii bv. sobria [8 isolates, 40%], A. bestiarum/piscicola [5 isolates, 25%], A. media [3 isolates, 15%], A. j and aei [1 isolate, 5%], A. aquariorum [0 isolate, 0%] and in water, Aeromonas hydrophila [0 isolate, 0%], A. veronii bv. sobria [6 isolates, 75%], A. bestiarum/piscicola [0 isolate, 0%], A. media [1 isolate, 12.5%], A. j and aei [0 isolate, 0%] and A. aquariorum [1 isolate, 12.5%]. Results of this study suggest that the incidence of motile aeromonads septicemia due to A. veronii bv. sobria is the most prevalent motile aeromonads. Nucleotide polymorphisms on the sequencing results of the 16S rDNA were detected as noticeable inter and intra-specific variation within the population of different aeromonads isolates. In total, 10-20 variant nucleotide positions in this region were observed among Aeromonas spp. Key words: Phenotype, Genotype, Motile aeromonads, Diseased fish, Fish farms

[ effect of lavender essential oil on anxiety of intra uterine device insertion]

Intra uterine device is a safe, effective and reversible method of family planning. Unfortunately, IUD insertion associated with anxiety. The lavender essential oil has anti-anxiety and analgesic effect however it's anti anxiety efficacy before intra uterine device insertion is to be evaluated. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-anxiety effect of lavender essential oil before intra uterine device insertion. Total 135 Iranian women candidate for intra uterine device insertion that had eligible criteria were randomly recruited into three lavender, placebo and control group. Data was collected by demographic questionnaire, spiel Berger questionnaire. The candidate apparent and acute anxiety was determined according to 20 questions present in Spiel Berger Questionnaire before and after aromatherapy just before intra uterine device insertion. The 20 questions were given four options including slight, moderate, high and very high with score 20 to 80. The women were given a box containing a cotton ball soaked with three drops of lavender essential oil or sesame oil. The women's were asked to inhale the box for 5 minute from 7 to 10 centimeter from nose. The apparent and acute anxiety was determined in all three groups before and after aromatherapy just before intra uterine device insertion compared to each other. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software and descriptive and analytic statistics methods. The average anxiety score was decreased in lavender group after aromatherapy compared to before aromatherapy [p<0.001] and also as compared to placebo and control groups [p<0.001]. The Results of this study suggest that aromatherapy with inhalation of lavender essential oil is effective as anti- anxiety before IUD insertion

[Effect of halogen light stimulation on nonreactive pattern of nonstress test [NST]]

The Non Stress Test [NST] is a main assessment tool for fetal wellbeing; however, it has a high rate of false-positive results. External stimulation with halogen light has been recommended to aid in provoking fetal response, decreasing false-positive results and promoting the test. This study aimed to assess the effect of halogen light stimulation on nonreactive pattern of NST. From 850 women who underwent NSTs, 50 women with singleton and cephalic fetuses who had nonreactive NSTs were allocated to receive halogen light stimulation through a halogen light source of 1,000,000 candle power. The light was applied to the lower abdomen above symphysis pubis over fetal head for 10 seconds. Results were compared to BPP scores as a backup test. We used mean +/- SD, chi-square Test and Fisher's Exact Test. The alpha<0.05 was considered as significant level. Following stimulation, 68% of nonreactive results changed to reactive patterns. In half of the cases, first acceleration occurred in less than two minutes. Almost 90% of fetuses had reactive pattern within nine minutes. Halogen light stimulation decreased the incidence of non reactive tests and testing time. Halogen light stimulation is safe and efficient in fetal well being assessment

[Trans-scleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation for management of elevated intraocular pressure after pars-plana vitrectomy]

To evaluate the effect of trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation [TSCPC] in reducing intraocular pressure in eyes with history of pars plana vitrectomy with or without intraocular silicone oil and refractory to medical treatment. Medical records of 35 eyes of 35 patients who underwent TSCPC for medically uncontrolled glaucoma after pars plana vitrectomy for retinal pathology were reviewed retrospectively. Diode laser contact TSCPC was performed at a power of 1-3 watt, for a duration of 2 seconds and with 15-30 applications. Intraocular pressure, visual acuity, number of previous operations, number of medications, number of treatment sessions per eye. Laser parameters and complications were evaluated. After a mean follow-up period of 13.31 +/- 4 [range 6-60] months, mean IOP was decreased from 33.46 +/- 9.80 [12-38] mmHg before surgery to 16.57 +/- 8.21 [2-46] mmHg after TSCPC [P<0.001]. The number of anti-glaucoma medications was reduced from 2.60 +/- 1.09 preoperatively to 1.31 +/- 0.99 at final follow up [P<0.001]. Qualified success and complete success were achieved in 29 [83%] and 9 eyes [20%], respectively. Patients with medically uncontrolled intraocular pressure following to pars plana vitrectomy with or without intravitreal silicone oil can be treated successfully with TSCPC

[Carotid wall thickness in patients with acute unilateral nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy]

To compare ipsilateral and contralateral carotid wall thickness in patients with acute unilateral non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy [NAION]. This prospective case series included 17 [10 male and 7 female] patients with unilateral NAION of less than 8 weeks' duration who underwent B-mode ultrasonography to measure intima-media thickness [IMT] in the common carotid and internal carotid arteries. IMT values of the affected side were compared with those on the contralateral side. Mean patient age was 59.6 +/- 10.8 [range 45-74] years. Mean interval between onset of NAION and measurements was 27.6 +/- 13.2 [range 10-45] days. Mean IMT of both common and internal carotid arteries on the affected side [1.19 +/- 0.14 and 1.41 +/- 0.29 mm, respectively] was significantly [P<0.001] higher than the noninvolved side [0.92 +/- 0.11 and 0.83 +/- 0.2, respectively]. NAION may be accompanied by increased carotid wall thickness. Carotid wall thickness measurement using ultrasound in patients with NAION may be useful to identify concomitant carotid artery disease

[Fertility preservation in young women with endometrial carcinoma; report of three cases]

Although endometrial cancer is primarily a disease of the postmenopausal female, 25% of patients are premenopausal, with 3-5% in women 40 years old or younger. The younger group of women with endometrial carcinoma are frequently nulligravid with a history of infertility, and a strong desire to preserve fertility. This may pose a therapeutic dilemma for both patients and treating physician. We reported 3 young patients with atypical; complex hyperplasia or early stage endometrial cancer that treated with conservative hormonal therapy. Medical treatment of young patients with endometrial carcinoma and complex atypical hyperplasia who wish to preserve fertility is a reasonable and appealing option. A comprehensive evaluation prior to counseling the patient should include. A complete history and physical examination. A formal D and C with review of history with an experienced gyn-onc pathologist. Evaluation of the pelvic and abdomen preferably with contrast-enhanced MRI or transvaginal ultrasound. In patients found to have a clinical stage I grade I tumor and who want to preserve fertility, thorough counseling include risks and benefits, and explanation that the data is partial and incomplete due to the lack of appropriate controlled studies is mandatory. In patients considered for medical treatment, a high dose progestin regimen should be started with endometrial sampling every 3 months until complete regression of the tumor is documented. Although most responses are long standing, there is a small risk of progression during or after cessation of progestin therapy

[ conformity of BPP and vibroacoustic stimulation results in fetal non reactive non stress test]

The most frequently used test for evaluation of fetal health is the Non Stress Test [NST]. Unfortunately it has a high incidence of false positive results. The combination of vibroacoustic stimulation with the NTS has been shown to reduce non reactive results. A tests assessment method was chosen with a simple randomized sampling. 40 pregnant women with non reactive NST in the first 20 minutes who received VAS in one of Tehran University's Hospitals were compared with BPP scores. A vibroacoustic stimulation was applied for a 3 seconds on the maternal abdomen and fallowed within 10 minutes.Data collection tools were NST, sonography instruments, NST result paper, tooth brusher, watch, demographic questioner and check list. Data analysis was made by descriptive static and by using the Fisher's Exact Test [with level of significant at p<0/05]. All statistical analysis were performed using an spss/win. After VAS, 70% of non reactive tracing became reactive. All cases with fetal reactivity response after a VAS had a subsequent BPP score of 8 [negative predictive value of 100%]. False positivity of VAS was lower than NST. VAS offers benefits, by decreasing the incidence of non reactive test and reducing test time. VAS lowers the rate of false positive NST. VAS is safe and allows more efficient of prenatal services. This test could be used as a rapid antepartum test to predict fetal well-being

[Quantitative and qualitative study of dermatoglyphic patterns of schizophrenia in Khorasan Province]

Finger and hand prints are formed during the late first and second trimester of fetal development, and then remain unchanged. Schizophrenia is a psychotic disease that coexists with structural and biochemical changes of CNS. It is probably under the influence of environmental and/or genetic factors. There are some suggestions that disturbance in the dermatoglyphic patterns are probably in relationship with the appearance of schizophrenia. It seems that this disturbance appears in the first and second trimesters of fetal development, which is a critical period for CNS growth. We have studied the dermatoglyphic changes in 91 schizophrenic patients [49M, 42F] in Ebne Sina Psychosis Hospital of Mashhad, and have compared them with those of 72 healthy controls [42M, 30F]. The x2 test was used for quantitative and T-test for qualitative data analysis. The results showed a significant reduction of TABRC between healthy and patient. The forms of Loop and Arch are heterogeneous and compared to the control group were significant [P=.0/04,P=0/036]. In conclusion, these results provide further evidence that abnormal dermatoglyphic patterns exist in some patients with schizophrenia, and that, the a-b ridge count can be used as a marker of this psychotic disease, and support the idea that the incidence of schizophrenia maybe due to the adverse intrauterine events. Because these events probably affect the brain, behavior and finger print patterns, dermatoglyphics would be a proper method for prognosis of some cases of schizophrenia

Comparison of the efficacy of oral [10 and15 mg/kg] and rectal [15 mg/kg] acetaminophen in fever reduction in children

Fever is the most common symptom of patients referring to pediatrics clinics. The first choice for antipyretic medication is acetaminophen with dosage of 10-15 mg/kg every 4-6 hours. We compared the efficacy of oral [10 and 15 mg/kg] and rectal [15 mg/kg] acetaminophen in fever reduction in children. A randomized, controlled trial was performed in 90 patients aged between 6 months and 6 years with fever >/= 39°Celsius. The patients were divided into three groups; Group 1 administerd rectal acetaminophen 15mg/kg, Group 2 oral Acetaminophen 15 mg/kg and Group 3 oral acetaminophen l0mg/kg. The results at the end of the first and third hour were assessed. The rate of temperature reduction at the end of the first and third hour in the group receiving rectal acetaminophen [15mg/kg] was 1.07 +/- 0.16 and 1/74 +/- 0.25, respectively. The rate of temperature at the end of the first and third hour in the group receiving oral acetaminophen [15mg/kg] was 0.98 +/- 0.19 and 1.25 and 1.7 +/- 0.14, respectively. The rate of temperature reduction at the end of the first and third hour in the group receiving oral acetaminophen [10mg/kg] was 0.63 +/- 0.18 and 1.25 +/- 0.22, respectively. There was no significant difference in temperature reduction between the groups receiving oral [15mg/kg] and rectal acetaminophen, but oral acetaminophen [10 mg/kg] was less effective in temperature reduction

[Impact of education of partogramm on quality of midwifery's care]

Introduction: according to WHO, prolonged labour is one of the most important causes of maternal and newborn mortality. This study was carried out to assess the impact of education of partogramm on quality of midwifery's care

Materials and Methods: this survey was a quasi experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design which was carried out in some of governmental hospitals in Tehran in 2002. Subjects were 53 midwives who were working in different hospitals. The data was collected with an special questionnaire, WHO's partogramm, and a check list to assess quality of midwifery care in labour. Result were analyzed with SPSS software

Results: the findings showed that after education of partogramm a statistically significant improvement occurred in recording of twelve of fifteen variables including fetal heart rate, condition of amniotic fluid, vaginal bleeding, vital signs of mother, urine examination, drugs and fluid use, correct plotting of cervical dilatation, correct movement of dilatation graph to alert line, number of vaginal exams, recording time of rupture of membranes and time of amniotomy [p<0.0001]

Conclusion: the findings of this study indicate education of partogramm has a positive effect an quality of midwifery's care and emphasis important of its education to midwifery's students